Force of Gravity Calculator

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation:

\[ F = G \times \frac{m_1 \times m_2}{r^2} \]

Gravitational Force (F):

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1. What is Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation?

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation:

\[ F = G \times \frac{m_1 \times m_2}{r^2} \]

Where:

\( F \) — Gravitational force (newtons)
\( G \) — Gravitational constant (6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg²)
\( m_1 \) — Mass of first object (kg)
\( m_2 \) — Mass of second object (kg)
\( r \) — Distance between centers of the masses (meters)

Explanation: The force between two objects increases with their masses and decreases with the square of the distance between them.

3. Importance of Gravitational Force

Details: This fundamental force governs the motion of planets, stars, and galaxies. On Earth, it gives objects weight and keeps our atmosphere in place.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter masses in kilograms and distance in meters. All values must be positive numbers. Distance must be greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the gravitational constant so small?
A: The gravitational force is extremely weak compared to other fundamental forces, which is why we only notice it for very massive objects like planets.

Q2: Does this work for any two objects?
A: Yes, but the force becomes negligible for everyday objects. For example, two 1kg masses 1m apart experience a force of about 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N.

Q3: How is this different from Earth's gravity?
A: Earth's surface gravity (9.81 m/s²) is a special case where one mass is Earth (5.972 × 10²⁴ kg) and distance is Earth's radius (~6.371 × 10⁶ m).

Q4: What are the limitations of this formula?
A: For extremely strong gravitational fields (near black holes) or at quantum scales, general relativity or quantum gravity theories are needed.

Q5: Why does distance use squared in the formula?
A: Gravity follows an inverse-square law because its influence spreads out over the surface area of an expanding sphere (which increases with r²).