1. What is Stroke Volume?

Stroke Volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle of the heart per beat. It is calculated as the difference between end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV).

2. How is Stroke Volume Calculated?

The calculator uses the fundamental equation:

Where:

• \( SV \) — Stroke Volume (mL/beat)
• \( EDV \) — End-Diastolic Volume (mL)
• \( ESV \) — End-Systolic Volume (mL)

Explanation: EDV is the volume of blood in the ventricle just before contraction, while ESV is the volume remaining after contraction. The difference represents the blood ejected with each heartbeat.

3. Clinical Importance

Details: Stroke volume is a key determinant of cardiac output (CO = SV × HR). It's used to assess cardiac function in conditions like heart failure, valvular disease, and shock.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter EDV and ESV in milliliters (mL). Both values must be positive numbers, and EDV should be greater than ESV for a valid calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are normal stroke volume values?
A: Normal SV ranges from 60-100 mL/beat in healthy adults at rest.

Q2: How does stroke volume relate to cardiac output?
A: Cardiac output (CO) equals stroke volume multiplied by heart rate (CO = SV × HR).

Q3: What factors affect stroke volume?
A: Preload, afterload, and myocardial contractility are the three main determinants of SV.

Q4: How is EDV and ESV measured clinically?
A: Typically measured using echocardiography, cardiac MRI, or ventriculography.

Q5: What's the difference between stroke volume and ejection fraction?
A: Ejection fraction (EF) is the percentage of EDV that is ejected (EF = SV/EDV × 100%).