1. What is Head Pressure?

Head pressure is the pressure exerted by a column of liquid due to its height and specific gravity. In imperial units, it's commonly measured in pounds per square inch (psi) and is important in fluid mechanics and hydraulic systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the head pressure equation:

Where:

• \( P_{psi} \) — Pressure in pounds per square inch (psi)
• \( h_{ft} \) — Height of liquid column in feet
• \( SG \) — Specific gravity of the liquid (unitless)
• 2.31 — Conversion factor (feet of water to psi)

Explanation: The equation converts the height of a fluid column into pressure, accounting for the fluid's density relative to water.

3. Importance of Head Pressure Calculation

Details: Calculating head pressure is essential for designing and analyzing hydraulic systems, pumps, piping networks, and storage tanks. It helps determine pump requirements and system performance.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the height of the liquid column in feet and the specific gravity of the liquid (1.0 for water). All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is specific gravity?
A: Specific gravity is the ratio of a fluid's density to the density of water (at 4°C). Water has SG=1.0, while mercury has SG≈13.6.

Q2: Why is the conversion factor 2.31?
A: 2.31 feet of water (SG=1.0) equals 1 psi. This comes from the conversion between feet of water and pounds per square inch.

Q3: Can I use this for gases?
A: No, this equation is for liquids only. Gas pressure calculations require different approaches due to compressibility.

Q4: How does temperature affect the calculation?
A: Temperature affects fluid density, which changes the specific gravity. Use the SG value at the operating temperature.

Q5: What's the difference between head and pressure?
A: Head refers to the height of fluid column, while pressure is the force per unit area. They are related through the fluid's density.