1. What is pH and [H⁺]?

pH is a logarithmic measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. [H⁺] represents the molar concentration of hydrogen ions (protons) in solution, which determines the acidity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the fundamental pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration (mol/L)
• \( pH \) — pH value (unitless from 0 to 14)

Explanation: The pH scale is logarithmic, so each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: Knowing the exact hydrogen ion concentration is crucial in chemistry, biology, medicine, and environmental science for understanding chemical reactions, biological processes, and water quality.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter a pH value between 0 and 14. The calculator will compute the corresponding hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (mol/L).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does a pH of 7 mean?
A: A pH of 7 is neutral at 25°C, corresponding to [H⁺] = 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L (pure water).

Q2: How does pH relate to acidity?
A: Lower pH values indicate higher acidity (more H⁺ ions). Each pH unit represents a 10-fold difference in H⁺ concentration.

Q3: What's the [H⁺] for pH 3?
A: pH 3 corresponds to [H⁺] = 0.001 mol/L (1 × 10⁻³ mol/L).

Q4: Can pH be negative or >14?
A: While theoretically possible with extremely concentrated acids/bases, most practical measurements range from 0-14.

Q5: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: Typically with a pH meter using a glass electrode or with pH indicator papers/strips.